This report was prepared for the Seminar on Exchange of Information and Best Practices Regarding Protection Schemes for Victims of Trafficking in Selected EU Member Countries, Candidates and Third Countries held in Madrid in 2002. The authors argue that current European anti-trafficking measures fail to prioritize the rights of victims of trafficking and overemphasize the needs of law enforcement. They recommend that a successful response to trafficking involves a combination of prevention, prosecution of traffickers and protection of victims' human rights.