Ivana Radovic argues that women's rights have
been marginalized in international human
rights law as these laws are largely based
upon harms committed in the public sphere by
state actors upon genderless abstract rights
bearers. She analyzes how international law's
focus on "first-generation" rights works to
exclude many harms experienced by women. She
contends that first-, second-, and third-
generation rights do not adequately respond
to women's experiences, which largely relate
to private and collective harms. For this
reason, the requirement for states to be