Private and opportunistic violence against
forced female migrants does not fall
clearly within the international criminal
law framework in the same way that
prohibited 'public' attacks do.
Furthermore, forced female migrants cannot
rely on their own governments, host
governments, and often, even on
international humanitarian organizations
to protect them. This article argues that
international criminal law could fill the
void by expanding its scope and
restructuring its focus. A structure
designed specifically to prevent and
account for opportunistic violence against