This article reviews the jurisprudence of
European domestic jurisdictions to determine
when and whether the right to freedom of
religion has been interpreted as a right of
religion to internal autonomy. It argues that
to fulfill women's equal right to freedom of
religion, women's positions and power within
religion must be equivalent to men's. The
author argues that this requires States to
facilitate gender equality within religions
as part of their obligation to secure the
right to freedom of religion. The article
proposes proportionate and appropriate