Wing, Adrien Katherine

The article addresses Global Critical Race Feminism (GCRF) as a general theme and focuses specifically on how the theory will apply to the women of Afghanistan in a post 9-11 setting. The author begins by outlining the roots of GRCF, presenting a brief review of Critical Legal Studies, Critical Race Theory and Feminism. She then moves on to address the Afghan context using her Global Multiplicative Identity theory (GMI). GMI acknowledges that everyone's identity is informed by multiple categories some of which provide us with privilege while others cause us to face discrimination.

The author argues in this article that the combination of physical and psychological effects of rape inflicts a "spirit injury" on the victim. While criminal or tort law may partially compensate some rape victims for the physical assault, the author contends that the law has never addressed the spirit injuries to the victims or their culture. This article examines the situation of Bosnian Muslims by developing a model of the symptoms of spirit injury drawn

The article describes Critical Race Feminism, a new offshoot of both Critical Race theory and feminism. The author applies a Critical Race Feminist analysis to the raping of Bosnian women and introduces the concept of "spirit injury". She also discusses how the concept of spirit injury might be used in the Latin American context. Critical Race Feminist principles are utilized to examine the situation of Palestinian women. The author explores the multiple levels of discrimination they face on the basis of custom, religion and gender.

This article seeks to conceptualize violence against women under both international and foreign domestic law from the perspective of critical race feminism. By rejecting the 'outside/inside' dichotomy of international law and placing women of colour at the centre of the analysis the author articulates the interaction of international and domestic laws in the struggle to improve the lives of black women in South Africa and the Middle East.

This article looks at the specific issues Indigenous Palestinian women are faced with as a consequence of the Intifada, especially concerning custom, religion and human rights. The author presents an overview of the problems inherent in legal reform in an area with a complexity of religious and customary heritages. This historic perspective serves as a backdrop for a discussion on legal reform effecting Palestinian women. Three options for reform are reviewed: a reinterpretation of Islam, adoption of European style civil codes and building upon the changes resulting from the Intifada.

This article begins with a brief historical account of Critical Race Feminism (CRF). The essay acknowledges CRF's ties to forerunners such as Critical Legal Studies, Critical Race Theory, and Feminist Legal Theory but also points out where CRF diverges from these movements. Using the narrative method characteristic of critical race feminists, the author discusses violence and state responsibility in the United States, Bosnia, South Africa and Palestine.