Erturk, Yakin

This report analyzes the interconnections between VAW and HIV/AIDS, considering violence to be both a cause and consequence of HIV/AIDS. Discrimination against women, due to gender inequality, is compounded at the intersection of patriarchy and other sites of oppression, which subjugate women to a continuum of violence and make them susceptible to HIV/AIDS. As a result, women with HIV/AIDS are subjected to even further stigmas, and suffer from social ostracism, withdrawal of family care, loss of property rights, and even further violence. The Special

This report discusses the due diligence standard and how it can be applied to a State's obligation to eliminate violence against women. It also identifies another fundamental principle connected to the application of the due diligence standard, that of non-discrimination, which implies that states are required to use the same level of commitment in relation to prevention, investigation, punishment and provision of remedies for violence against women as they do with regards to other forms of violence.

This report focuses on the intersection of culture and VAW. It provides a discussion of the development of international legal norms and standards that has lead to the primacy of protection of women against discrimination and violence over the need to preserve cultural practices. The Special Rapporteur notes that the universal obligation to respect human rights as established under the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action also extends to women's human rights. Under General Recommendation No. 19 of CEDAW violence against women constitutes a form

This report focuses on the key State obligation to provide remedies and access to justice for victims of human rights violations. Citing Article 4(c) of the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women, the Special Rapporteur calls upon States to exercise due diligence to investigate, prosecute and punish acts of VAW.

This report, submitted to the Human Rights Council, proposes indicators to measure VAW and State response towards ending such violence. In addition to adherence to the due diligence standard to prevent VAW, States are asked to support research, collect data and compile statistics regarding VAW and encourage research on its causes and consequences. States are also urged to establish and use VAW indicators so that interventions designed to combat violence are based on accurate data. The report identifies some key attributes of good indicators: specific,

This Human Rights Council (Council) report addresses the political economy of women's human rights contending that the current political economic order affects both the prevalence of violence against women and efforts to eliminate it. It discusses the link between a woman's physical security and the material basis of relationships governing the distribution and use of resources and entitlements. The report states that a political economic approach is necessary as it offers a framework for States to realize their obligations to prevent violations and protect and fulfill

This Human Rights Council (Council) report provides a critical analysis of the efforts of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women. There are four main spheres that are recognized (the family, the community, violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, and the transnational arena), and within these spheres, the report specifically focuses on domestic violence, harmful and culturally justified practices that are violent to or subordinate women, and health rights of women and how they relate to violence against women. The report also addresses States' compliance,