INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW

This article discusses the history of Western women's suffrage during the transition to modernity. Section 1 is an introduction. Section 2 lays out the theoretical and legal framework for women's social, political, and economic rights in Europe. Section 3 describes relevant actors in women's suffrage, including political parties and the Catholic Church. Section 4 examines the contributions and challenges historically faced by female activists. Section 5 discusses the "separate spheres ideology" and its impact on female suffrage in Europe. Section 6 examines the earlier or

By analyzing four international human rights cases involving women, this article considers how applying a gendered perspective to constitutional law can improve protection of women's human rights. In MC v Bulgaria, Siliadin v France, Huaman v Peru, and AT v Hungary, international bodies adopted a gendered perspective when considering the application of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The authors

The author examines state parties' responses to implementing the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and how this has affected conceptions of equality. She focuses on the United States as a case study, exploring its history with CEDAW and its reluctance to ratify it. More generally, she describes the objectives of CEDAW, and the significance of reservations to and withdrawals from the treaty. She observes that, although some states have sought to ban 'foreign law', other localities have implemented

This article challenges criticisms of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), specifically that CEDAW is assimilationist, homogeneous, and essentialist. The author argues that CEDAW in fact provides a basis for transformative equality, and indeed mandates it. The author assesses the gap between the policy provisions established in CEDAW and social practices. The author also discusses the challenges of translating these policy provisions into practical solutions that allow women to behave as equal actors in the public